DISC HERNIATION: SYMPTOMS, MANAGEMENT, AND REHABILITATION

Disc herniation most commonly occurs in the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine, when the intervertebral disc is displaced and compresses a nearby nerve root. This may result in intense pain, paresthesia (tingling sensations), and muscle weakness in the affected arm and/or leg.

Individuals diagnosed with disc herniation can engage in physical activities such as running, weightlifting, and sports, but it is crucial to individually tailor the intensity and volume of exercise. Excessive physical strain may exacerbate the condition, just as complete avoidance of activity can lead to deterioration. Finding the right balance is essential.

Disc herniation can present as either acute or chronic, and therapy should always be personalized based on the individual’s condition.

ACUTE DISC HERNIATION

Acute disc herniation is typically characterized by disc damage with nerve root compression, resulting in severe pain in the neck or lower back, and often limited range of motion. In such cases, physical therapy interventions are initiated, including:

• Therapeutic ultrasound
• Laser therapy
• Electrotherapy
  
  

These modalities help to reduce inflammation and pain, and accelerate recovery. Additionally, kinesiotherapy (therapeutic exercise) is introduced within pain thresholds to restore functional mobility.

CHRONIC DISC HERNIATION

Chronic disc herniation is defined by persistent pain in the cervical and/or lumbar spine, lasting for several months. Patients may also experience neurological symptoms such as tingling (paresthesia) and muscle weakness in the upper or lower limbs.

In chronic cases, while physical modalities may still be applied, the primary focus shifts to kinesiotherapy, with the goal of improving functional capacity for daily life and minimizing pain recurrence.

WHAT DOES L4/L5, L5/S1 DISC HERNIATION MEAN?

When imaging reports show disc herniation at L4/L5 or L5/S1, the condition involves the lumbar vertebrae. Depending on the severity, the findings may indicate:

• Bulging disc
• Disc protrusion
• Disc prolapse/extrusion

Once the diagnosis is established, comprehensive physical therapy is implemented. This includes a combination of manual therapy techniques, instrument-assisted modalities, and individualized kinesiotherapy, all aimed at addressing the underlying cause of the herniation.

With proper rehabilitation, disc herniation can often be effectively managed within 2–3 months. Conversely, inadequate treatment may lead to long-term or even lifelong complications.

Say goodbye to disc herniation — because having a healthy back is not a luxury.